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1993-10-11
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#EF
#TTUTORIAL DESIGN
#C2,R6
After you have decided what the subject of your ~M~Itutorial~N will be, the hardest
part of writing it is deciding what information you want to pass along to the
~G~IReader~N, then getting that information organised into some manageable format.
One way to do this is to follow the ~C~IInstructional Design~N methodology and
in this Section of the ~H~bTutorialWriter~N ~M~Itutorial~N we'll examine what that
methodology recommends. The recommendations are particularly relevant to
~H~bTutorialWriter~N, because the program was created around the ~C~IInstructional
Design~N methodology.
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#C2,R6
The first two steps are the most important, because everything else you do
will be influenced by them.
~HStep One~N is to ~C~Iidentify your audience~N. Who are you writing this for?
~HStep Two~N is to ~C~Istart at the end and work backwards~N. What will the person you
are writing this for know or be able to do by the time they have completed it?
And be sure to answer in specific '~Haction~N' terms. The more '~R~Ifuzzy~N' the answers
to this questions are, the more difficult it will be to write your ~M~Itutorial~N.
For example, if your answer is that they will '~R~Iappreciate fine art~N' as a
result of taking your ~M~Itutorial~N, how will you decide what to teach them?
But if you answer that they will '~Hbe able to identify a Van Gogh painting and
explain his use of colors~N', this helps determine what information goes into
your ~M~Itutorial~N.
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#C2,R5
Let's use a concrete example, because it is a lot easier to explain than using
abstract concepts. We'll imagine that you have decided to write a ~M~Itutorial~N on
~HFrench Wines~N.
~HStep One~N - Identify the Audience.
The audience is ~HWine Snobs~N who want to show off their knowledge of French
wines, usually in a loud voice at large gatherings.
~HStep Two~N - what will they know or be able to do after taking your ~M~Itutorial~N?
This is where you have to get specific. An answer like '~R~Iknow about French
wines~N' is too '~R~Ifuzzy~N'. ~H~rYou need to develop a list of specific things~N.
1. ~HThey will be able to distinguish a high quality wine from a lesser
quality wine by the bottle label~N.
2. ~HThey will know the growing conditions and wine making history of 23
major Chateau wine producers~N.
And so on.
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#C2,R5
~HOnce you have identified all the things they will know or be able to do,
the hard work is almost over~N!!
Look over your list and write down the information etc. you will need to
give them for them to be able to do all the things on the list. As you are
doing this, ~Hkeep the audience in mind~N. If they are already ~HWine Snobs~N on
Californian wines, they may not need as much information. But if they are
brand new, ~Htrainee Wine Snobs~N, you may have to tell them more.
Review the information and decide whether you are writing an electronic
'~G~Ipamphlet~N' or an electronic '~G~Ibook~N'. The difference is that the '~G~Ipamphlet~N'
is a single file, but the '~G~Ibook~N' has ~HChapters~N. ~H~bTutorialWriter~N can handle
both.
Let's assume that there is so much information that a '~G~Ibook~N' is needed. (If
it is a '~G~Ipamphlet~N' it's the same as a single '~G~Ibook~N' ~HChapter~N).
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#C2,R6
Now split up the information you have listed into logical ~HChapters~N.
Here is one possible way.
~H 1. History of French Winemaking
2. Wine Growing Regions in France
3. Red Wines.
4. White Wines.
5. Sparkling Wines.
6. How to Choose a Wine.~N
Of course, there are other ways. You could divide it up on a geographical
basis - ~HWines of Bordeaux~N, ~HWines of Jura~N, ~HWines of the Gironde~N. But that is
your unique choice. There is no right or wrong way to divide it up.
#WP
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#EF
#T
#C2,R5
Now you take one ~HChapter~N at a time and subdivide it into ~HSections~N, each
covering a major topic.
Let's look at ~HChapter 2 - Wine Growing Regions in France~N. From your
information list you will know what ~G~IRegions~N you need to include and what
kind of information you need to give about each one. Let's say that you need
to tell where it is in France, how long wines have been grown there, climatic
conditions, soil type, etc.
Each ~G~IRegion~N is now a ~HSection~N within that ~HChapter~N. So for each ~HSection~N you will
list the specific information - 300 miles Southwest of Paris, on the Atlantic
coast, wines have been grown there since the Romans conquered Gaul in 43 AD,
wet and cool climate because of the Atlantic Ocean, flinty soil, etc.
After each ~HChapter~N has been worked through in this way, you will have
structured your ~M~Itutorial~N and included all the information you need to pass
on.
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#C2,R5
The next step is to decide how to present the information.
1. Start and end each ~HChapter~N with some interactive stuff - ~C~IQuizzes~N or
~C~ITests~N - to provide incentive and feedback.
We will certainly want to end Chapter 2 with a ~C~Itest~N or ~C~Iquiz~N just to give
feedback on how well the material has been learned. But we might also
want to start with one, maybe even the same one that we will give at the
end, to whet the appetite for what will be presented.
2. End each ~HSection~N with a ~C~IBranching Test~N to test the main points and
branch to corrective material if necessary.
At the end of each ~HSection~N, we will present a ~C~IBranching Test~N to see if the
main ideas from that ~HSection~N have been picked up. If the wrong answer is
chosen, the program will jump to a '~G~Iremedial~N' screen to re-present the
information.
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#C2,R5
3. Intersperse each ~HSection~N with interactive elements - ~C~Iquick questions~N,
~C~Ipop-quizzes~N etc. to provide feedback.
And just to make it interesting and to keep the reader motivated, we will
ask a ~C~Iquick question~N every two or three screens - maybe even a ~C~Ipop-quiz~N
with four or five questions to answer. But we must be careful not to ask
too many or the reader may get impatient to get on with the ~HChapter~N.
4. Use ~C~IHilites~N to make the information interesting e.g ~C~Icolor~N, ~C~Isound~N,
~C~IHypertext~N, ~C~Ipop-up windows~N etc.
This is where individual taste is allowed full expression. We can use all
kinds of effects here to make the information entertaining and interesting -
~C~Isliding screens~N, ~C~Iclickwriting~N, ~C~Ipop-up windows~N, the whole nine yards.
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#C2,R5
A final point to consider is whether we should provide a ~C~IHELP system~N, perhaps
to tell the reader how to use ~C~IHyperText~N, or that a ~C~IMouse~N can be used, or to
press a key if they are finished reading a ~C~Ipop-up window~N, or whatever.
And now look at ~HChapter 2~N in this ~M~Itutorial~N - ~C~IGETTING STARTED~N - to find out
the basics of using ~H~bTutorialWriter~N to create computer-based ~M~Itutorials~N.
#WP
#X